Incentive salience hinges upon the idea that incentives (such as drugs) motivate addicted people because they are perceived to be of the utmost importance to them.

In 1851, a politicized young Russian was driven into exile in a freezing Siberian prison. He was not yet a great writer, but his experiences there would make him one. His name of course, was Fyodor Dostoevsky.

I spent more than a decade of my life street-level snouting for nuggets of crack – what now seems like a lifetime peering vainly into the bottom of empty plastic deal bags and scraping out the spaces between floor boards.

Harm reduction is the drug policy favoured by the UK government and most European governments. You can add Canada, Australia and New Zealand to that list too.

NA in Iran is host to approximately 16,000 of the worlds 60,000 meetings. Addiction is a great leveller. It is an equal opportunities destroyer. But it is also an equal opportunities transformer.

During the 1920s Carl Jung treated a man called Roland Hazard III for alcoholism. I’m going to distill their therapeutic conversations down into the following essential components.